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Hispanic America US
A
An overview of Contributions of Hispanics & Spanish Speaking
America - World and United States History
Copyright © 1996-Present all rights reserved
Historians credit Spain for the total discovery -exploration-colonization of the western hemisphere, nowhere in the history of the human race has this ever ocurred..
Financed the American War of Independence, planned key battles of the Revolution. . . .
Exploration & Colonization
During the period of exploration & colonization (1492 to 1542), in one generation, approximately 300,000 Spaniards had emigrated to the New World
They established over 200 cities and towns throughout America.
From Exploring the West & Colonizing the western hemisphere; chartered the oceans, islands, criss crossing America by foot, raft, ship, & by horse, & in one generation Hispanics acquired more new territory than Rome conquered in five centuries . . . . . . . .
1628 - Twelve soldiers, Nineteen Franciscans and twelve brothers, left Mexico Sept 4, 1628, Father Estevan de Perea with them, left for Rio Del Norte where the territory of New Mexico begins.
1629 - Soldiers and Franciscan Priest set out and arrived for the provinces of Penalde Acoma and the provinces of Zuni and Moqui (territory of New Mexico).
1666 - San Antonio de los Llanos (Texas) founded
1680 - Pueblo Revolt: Spanish forced to flee to El Paso del Norte (present-day Cuidad Juarez.)
1680 to 92 Indians rule from the Palace of the Governors.
1669 to 1693 Diego de Vargas reconquers New Mexico.
1696 - Second Pueblo Revolt.
1696 - Religious liberty was granted to all except Catholics
1769 Father Junipero Serra and Captain Gaspar de Portola begin the land-based exploration and settlement of Alta California.
1702 - English from Carolina besieged Castillo de San Marcos unsuccessfully,
but razed
St.
Augustine, Florida.
1704 - English desroyed the Spanish missions in North Florida.
1728 - English again raided Spanish St. Augustine, Florida.
1738 - The Spanish build Fort Mose, for the African born slaves who escaped
from British
Carolina.
1740 - The British besieged Spanish St. Augustine unsuccessfully.
1742- The Spanish build Ft Matanzas at an inlet 14 miles south of St. Augustine, Florida.
1763 - Spanish Florida ceded to England by Treaty of Paris.
1773 - Perez at Nootka Sound (Vancouver Island- Canada) Navigator Juan
Perez discovers the Nootka
Sound, a harbor on what was to become Vancouver Island, and claims it for
Spain.
.....There is a historical site named in honor
of the Spanish Navigator Juan Perez, called
"The Juan De
Fuca Straits", and was discovered by a Spanish Captain named Juan Perez.
1776 - The War of Independence : Our American Continental Army (George Washington and its Allies the Spanish Army ) ultimately defeat the British.
The American Revolution used funds collected from people living in the present states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California--then a part of Mexico. An important percentage of financial support originated in New Spain, now called Mexico. Eventually, thousands of Spanish troops fought British troops throughout the Americas
The battle of Yorktown is planned by Spanish Captain Francisco de Saavedra, in which the British foe are defeated at the Yorktown battle, and is the turning point of the War of Independence.
Hispanics gave further funds to the American Continental Army.
Battle of Yorktown financed by Hispanics (500,000 pounds originated from Cuba), battle of Yorktown was planned by Captain Francisco de Saavedra.
Hispanics from Spain, the present day USA, Puerto Rico,
Cuba, Santo Domingo, Venezuela, Costa Rica fought with the Continental Army
against threir British Foe.
King Carlos from Spain donated 1,000,000 pounds to the
Continental Congess toward the defeat of the Briitsh at Yorktown.
1781 - The Spanish capture Pensacola from the British.
1784 - Spanish re-occupied Florida from the British.
.1789, May 5 "The Nootka Incident." - Fearing the loss of the Nootka harbor
and her dominance in the region, the Spanish government dispatched two vessels,
under the command of Estaban Jose Martinez, to secure the sounds.
1790 - Catholics were unable to vote in the eastern USA until 1790
1794 Miguel de la Grua Talamanca, Marques de Branciforte, succeeds Juan Vicente Pacheco de Padilla, conde de Revilia Gigedo, as Viceroy of New Spain.
1794, October 17 Miguel Costanso, a military engineer with geographical knowledge of the area, sends a letter to Branciforte containing a plan for the bolstering of California's military defenses.
1795, November 17 Don Jose Maria Beltran, Royal Exchequer and Minister in Charge of the 2nd Naval Department, drafts a detailed plan for the fortification of Alta California. Using Costanso's suggestion, he recommends establishing a new pueblo in central California to be populated by retired soldiers, skilled craftsmen and Christianized Indians. Following Viceroy Branciforte's approval, a Free Company of the Region of Arizona- numbering 75 - is dispatched to Alta California, where, upon completing their terms of enlistment, they are to become land grantees of the new pueblo.
1796, January to June- Lieutenant Alberto de Cordoba and Diego de Borcia, Governor of Alta California, seek out an appropriate site for the pueblo, which is to be named in honor of Viceroy Branciforte. They investigate three possible locations: one at Alameda, another near the presidio at San Francisco, and the third on the east bank of the San Lorenzo River across from the Santa Cruz Mission.
1796, April - Lieutenant-Colonel Pedro de Alberni arrives at San Francisco with the Catalonian Volunteers. However, the are sent to various presidios throughout Alta California.
1796, August 4 -Governor de Borcia reports to Viceroy Branciforte that the Santa Cruz site is best suited for settlement and recommends that the "Pueblo de Branciforte" be established there.
1796, October 6 - Cordoba draws up a detailed plan for the center of the pueblo which, in compliance with the Laws of the Indies, included a plaza, streets, houses, a church and town-lots. He also sketches a map of the four leagues of land which are to belong to the pueblo. These, along with his other recommendations, are sent to Branciforte in Mexico City.
1797, February 25- Viceroy Branciforte orders the establishment of the Pueblo de Branciforte on a bluff above the San Lorenzo River. The recruitment of settlers for the pueblo begins in New Spain.
1797, June 20 - The first group of colonists from Guadalajara arrive at Branciforte.
1797, July 24 - Governor Diego de Borcia formally dedicates the Pueblo de Branciforte at the site.
1861-1865 The Civil War USA, Hispanics were a major force in the Civil War USA.
1879 - Dr Carlos Juan Finlay , a Cuban physician originated the theory of yellow fever transmission by mosquitos.
1914 April 20 Colorado Miners: State militiamen and company guards began shooting directly at the tents and setting them on fire. Of the 18 people killed, half were Mexican-Americans and many were children who had been burned to death.
1915 Arizona: They forced them to walk to bisbee, and loaded them
on cattle cars. they took the strikers across the state line
and abandoned them in
a New Mexico desert, near the Mexican border, without food or water for
days
1921 The Orden Hijos de América (Order of the Sons of America)
in San Antonio, Texas. To combat unfair wages, education, housing, and
civil rights abuses against Hispanics.
1921 Immigration Act restricts the entry of Southern and Eastern Europeans.
Efforts to include Mexicans in the restrictions are blocked by Supporters
of the agriculture business in the Southwest.
.
1929 - The League of Latin American Citizens formed (LULAC) to combat the Civil Rights against Hispanics.
1948 - The American GI Forum, a Hispanic
Veterans Organization formed (AGIF),
Hispanic Veterans returning from the battles of World War II were being
denied medical care by
Veterans Hospitals and other abuses.
1960s and 1970 - The Chicano Movement organized, Hispanics Civil Rights continue to be violated.
1968 science Luis Alvarez won the
Nobel Prize
for his work with subatomic particles
1995 Mario Molina , along with two other scientists, won the
Nobel Prize
Prize in chemistry
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