Treaty of Guadalup-Hidalgo

1848: With the exception of Native American Nations, and Native Hawaiians, Hispanics in the southwest and California are unlike others in the U.S., including other Hispanics. We are a conquered people, and fall under the jurisdiction and authority of the United States. We are indigenous to the Southwest and California, i.e., Hispanics were here at the time of the conquest of the northern Mexican territories(indigenous in more ways than one, however these pages cover from conquest Feb 1848), and came with the acquisition of the territories of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and parts of Wyoming.

Defense of America
Hispanics 20-25 % of
Vietnam casulties,
while only 5 % of
the population at
home at that time

Books regarding the
Treaty of Guadalupe,
Legacy of Conflict

Medal of Honor
Recipients, Hispanics have received more Medals than any others comparable to their numbers at home..

Hero Street

Laws targeting Hispanics
from 1800s to present: Hispanics first to defend the U.S., but continue to suffer the most discrimination at home.

”English-Only” constitutional? No!
Racist? You be the Judge

Thomas Jefferson who spoke five languages said, "Bestow great care on the study of Spanish and endeavor to learn it, for in that language is written the history of this hemisphere."

Constitution Mandates Spanish in Schools

NM Constitution Defined

Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Unabridged

Grants Claims

Culture of the Southwest

Culture of California

Most Important Document for Hispanics

Bi-lingual Education

Hispanics lost 75% Property Rights

U.S-Mexico
Border Tribes

Canada/Mexico
Indigenous People

Defense of America
Hispanics 20-25 % of
Vietnam casulties,
while only 5 % of
the population at
home at that time

Books regarding the
Treaty of Guadalupe,
Legacy of Conflict

Medal of Honor
Recipients, Hispanics have received more Medals than any others comparable to their numbers at home..

Hero Street

Laws targeting Hispanics
from 1800s to present: Hispanics first to defend the U.S., but continue to suffer the most discrimination at home.

Constitution Mandates Spanish in Schools

NM Constitution Defined

Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Unabridged

http://www.neta.com/~1stbooks/help0.htm

Q. Other than Spanish being a U.S. custom, having a base established continuously from the 1500's and up to the present time in the U.S., are there laws guaranteeing the Spanish language be protected in the U.S.?

A. YES! There is a Federal and International Treaty called the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which guarantees American Citizens the right to speak the Spanish language in schools, courts of law, employment, and every day existence in California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and parts of Wyoming..

1) The U.S. Congress ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo March 1848. An act of Congress is the supreme law of the land, and every Judge in the U.S. shall be bound thereby.

2) The TGH promises to “respect the rights” of the conquered Americans, this includes continuing their culture “Rights” as they and their forefathers before them did (culture includes language), property, and religious rights of Spanish speaking people living in the territory. Officially and unofficially the cultural, and property rights have been at the minimum ignored, either intentionally or unintentionally.

All through history, when another region or country conquered another, the conquered were allowed to retain their language, from the barbarians to the conquering Roman Legions and up through the present. One would at least expect at least this from our great nation The rights of the conquered Californians and South Westerners have been circumvented or completely ignored. Instead our own laws such as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (TGH Treaty Law) which allowed for the conquered Californians/South Westerners to maintain the lengua franca of the western USA, the Spanish language. The Spanish language was the lengua franca across the region for Indigenous People/Native Americans and every one else. The Treaty promised to “Respect the Rights” of the conquered People,
and those in charge over time allowed these rights to be trampled on the rights of the Spanish speaking conquered people. Those conquered American citizens had the right to continue speaking Spanish, they knew they had that right under the Treaty; as their numbers dwindled due to squatters, their rights were stripped. Generation after generation kept the hope alive, that someday the Treaty would be honored. I look for my country to honor it today.

Q. Are there other laws which protect the rights of the conquered Americans of Hispanic heritage Southwest and California?

A . YES ! The New Mexico State Constitution 1910 (Arizona is included), authors reiterated the protections for the Conquered Southwesterners and California in their Constitution to read "All teachers be proficient in Spanish ". Others are the California Constitution and the Gadsden Purchase which reiterated the rights of the conquered Californians and South Westerners.

1) Officially New Mexico and especially Arizona have tried to eliminate all aspects of Hispanic culture (culture includes language). Little is known about this outside the region, most are not aware that Hispanics in California and the southwest were relegated to second class citizens based on their Spanish surname.

2) Instead of adhering to the U.S. Supreme Court decision of March 1848, and the New Mexico Constitution 1910 (Arizona is included), officially and unofficially, California, New Mexico, Arizona , Nevada,Utah, and Colorado have ignored the Consitutional rights of Hispanics. Not only have they been violated, Hispanics including young children have been mistreated and forced to succumb. Many from February 1848 have succumbed due to fear of death, the fear of further discrimination, and the fear that they are less than American should they stand up for these protections. In the past and today, Americans of Hispanic heritage continue to be branded as un-American for standing up for these protections under the TGH. Elfigo Baca was one of the first of many who fought for their rightfully owned land, and was branded un American.

3) Hispanics have been officially and unoffically relegated to second class citizens from 1848 in California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

A few examples:

David Barkley Medal of Honor Recipient: Due to discrimination,
like many other Hispanics in the southwest and California, denied he was Hispanic.

Dr Perez Garcia , American Medical Schools were denying Hispanics entrance based on their heritage, one Hispanic per year allowed to be admitted into medical school. Dr. Garcia was the lucky one in 1940. Dr Perez Garcia, founder of the U.S. Veterans Organization the AGIF
Hispanics Veterans were being denied medical treatment when returning from the battles of WWII, and Dr Garcia set up a Veterans Organization called The American GI Forum (AGIF).

Senator Dennis Chavez After World War II because of the discrimination practices Hispanic Veterans were encountering, Senator Dennis Chávez made front page news when he stated that:
"We are "Americans" when we go to war,
and when we return, we are "Mexicans".

Laws from municipal, Federal and state enacted which targeted Hispanics in California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

Q. When California, the southwest, Florida, and other states became part of the U.S., what collective language did they speak?

A. The Spanish language.

1) English was considered a foreign language in the majority of the early United States of America, and from the early 1900's to the present, English and Spanish have been the dual Unoffical languages in many part of the United States of America.

Examples of regions of Spanish speaking persons
The White Mountains of Arizona, Springerville, Concho, San Juan (St. Johns), and vicinity.

Immigrants from Spanish speaking countries may find they assimilate with the USA Spanish speaking community; which has been in existence collectively for 500 years from Florida to California. Before the late 1800s to early 1900s, persons immigrating from Germany, England and other countries to the southwest and California learned to speak Spanish

If the Spanish language did not have a base established in the USA from the early 1500's, it would not be possible for Spanish speakers from other countries to maintain their Spanish language. Not even those coming from as close as the country of Mexico.

If it is difficult to visualize that we have been speaking the Spanish language continuously for 500 years in what is now the U.S., then think about a much closer time to the present, and that is Feb 2, 1848.

The U.S. invaded Mexico and then "annexed" the Northern part of Mexico in 1848 which is California and the Southwest.

Q. What happened to the Conquered Mexican citizens who were in the California and Southwestern region from 1848 and up to the present time?

A. They have been part of the U.S. in the Southwest, and California from Feb 2, 1848.

Q. What language do they continue to speak?

A. The collective Spanish language and English.

Q. When was the English language introduced to the southwest and California?

A. The English language has only joined the Spanish language in the late 1800s to early 1900s in the southwest. Mid 1800s in California, due to the gold rush. Spanish has about a 300 year lead.

Their ongoing southwest and California customs reflect the character and other regions of the U.S. Official Territorial and other Documents reflect that Spanish character of many regions of the U.S. Territorial and other documents can be viewed on other parts of this site.

The Spanish and English languages have been unofficially the Dual Languages in the U.S.

Q. Name one obvious discriminatory practice which prevails today.

A. ”English-Only. This is in contradiction to the TGH which protects the culture (language is part of culture). The language is Spanish.

Q. Can this discrimination against Hispanics in California and the southwest be reversed?

A. Yes, by complying with the laws enacted which protect the rights of the conquered Hispanics in California and the southwest.

Q. Ways of compiling?

A.
1) Teach Spanish in all grades; including courses at the college level in Spanish, i.e., sciences, math, ect. Spanish is already unofficially a dual language along with English. This in no way detracts from our main English language, however it does right an ongoing wrong for 150 years; it also educates our children and the masses to what happen and how affect our children today.

2) Include the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in the curriculum from grade school to law school; what the TGH means to Americans, what it means to Americans of Hispanic Heritage especially in the southwest and California; teach that the TGH is a U.S. document ratified by the U.S. Supreme Court; teach that this law must be obeyed; teach about the laws which have been contradictory to the TGH and how these anti-Hispanic Laws have stifled many generations of Americans in the southwest, from Feb 1848 to the present; teach which laws were circumvented (To avoid or get around by artful maneuvering, To go around; bypass); The U.S., State, County, City Governments, Police Departments must include the above information to their employees to stop this abuse of their people.

3) The abuse will stop once the good people of the United States are aware that our own laws are being circumvented

And those whole generations are being hurt by ignoring or circumventing these laws.

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