Defense, Hispanics accounted for 25% of Vietnam Casulaties, and their Numbers were only 4.5% at home.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Hispanics in Americas Defense
First in defense of the U.S.
 
 

Medal of Honor
More Hispanics earned Medals for Heroism than any other in comparison to their numbers at home.

"We are Americans when we go to war, but Mexicans when we return home"
 
 
 
 
 

Bataan Units with a high number of Hispanic officers and enlisted men, were chosen for their combat readiness and their knowledge of the Spanish language
 
 
 
 

Hero Street
Stands alone in U.S. Military History
 

The following is only a sampling  of anti Hispanic legislation and other forms of anti Hispanic descrimination.

Do not forget to invoke the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, I do, and follow it up with a simple letter if you are able to.   That is the least I can do, many died and were injured to bring us this far.   Thank you all for your courage.

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• June 29, 1968  Brutality and Inferior Education Rodolfo "Corky" GonzalesCorky headed a march on police headquarters to protest officer  Zavashlak's shooting and killing  of 15 year old Joseph Archuleta. In 1969 when students marched out of West Side High  School because Chicanos were being given an inferior education, Corky marched with the parents. He was arrested but acquitted. 
  
  
  
  
• 1970 California:  Ruben Salazar, a reporter who was covering a National Chicano Moratorium was shot in the head by the local agency with a ten inch projectile. The Coroner's Panel ruled Ruben Salazar's killing a homicide, however the responsible party was never brought to trial.  (Note:   This is another of the many injustices common in California and the southwest against Hispanics).

 

 
 
 
 

• 1970:   U.S. Commission on Civil Rights report, documented unequal treatment of  Hispanics by the Administration of justice, law enforcement agencies, and the judicial system  in the Southwest.  Many abuses were cited, among them were:

 
• Lack of bilingual translators in court proceedings
• Underrepresentation of Hispanics  on grand juries, as judges, and  law enforcement officers.
• Unequal assignment of punishment and
                    probation to convicted Hispanics.
 
 
• 1970s  California and the southwest:   Civil Rights peaceful protesters invoking the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo were clubbed by the local police. (In violation of the TGH.   The Civil Rights peaceful gathering by Hispanics and others were protesting unlawful, and inhumane treatment of Hispanics. 

 

 
 
 
 

• 1978:  Joe Campos Torres, twenty-three, in was taken to a police station in Houston after being beaten by police at an isolated spot. The sergeant refused to book Torres and ordered him taken to a hospital. But he was later found drowned where he had been beaten. Two of the police officers were convicted of negligent homicide, one-year sentence suspended. 

 

 
 
 
 

• Up to at least the late 1980s, only two books were put out on American Hispanics by the Federal Government, and over 40,000 were published by the Government on "Anglos", and other ethnic groups. 






• 1970:   U.S. Commission on Civil Rights report, documented unequal treatment of  Hispanics by the Administration of justice, law enforcement agencies, and the judicial system  in the Southwest.  Many abuses were cited, among them were:

 
• Lack of bilingual translators in court proceedings.  (Violation of the TGH)
• Underrepresentation of Hispanics  on grand juries, as judges, and  law enforcement officers.  (violation of the TGH)
• Unequal assignment of punishment and probation to convicted Hispanics.

 

 
 
 
 

• 1978:  Joe Campos Torres, twenty-three, in was taken to a police station in Houston after being beaten by police at an isolated spot. The sergeant refused to book Torres and ordered him taken to a hospital. But he was later found drowned where he had been beaten. Two of the police officers were convicted of negligent homicide, one-year sentence suspended. 

 

 
 
 
 
 

• 1984 (August) Arizona:  Phelps Dodge Corp. ordered American Hispanics Sears employees to stop speaking Spanish in their lunch and work places, sparking bitter racial and ethnic confrontations over the rights of American Hispanics  in the Morenci store.  (In direct violation of the TGH.)

 

 

• Up to late 1980s:   Only two books were put out on American Hispanics by the Federal Government, and over 40,000 were published by the Government on non Hispanic whites, and other ethnic groups. 

 

 
 
 

• Up to 1980s:  Spanish surnamed applicants to Universities including eastern Universities denied entrance based on  their Spanish surname. 

 

 
 
 

• Late 1990s, California Proposition 187 aimed at Hispanics.passage of Proposition 187 in California, passed by 60% of the total voters, which further reflects the necessity of legislation to protect Hispanics in the southwest and Califoria.

 

 
 

The proposition limits public education, welfare, and medical care to citizens and to legal immigrants. An estimated 350,000 children would be excluded from
schools by Proposition 187. 
 
 
 

• August 29, 1995  Texas . Amarillo - A judge overseeing a child-custody case told a Mexican native that speaking only Spanish at home constituted abuse of her 5-year old daughter. (The judge failed to uphold the TGH; prop 227 violates the TGH, when is the Federal Government stepping in and saying enough, it is time to obey our laws).

 

 
 
 

• June 27, 1995 Arizona;  a group of "skinheads" viciously attacked a man and woman on a north Phoenix street early because they were Hispanic and spoke limited English. police said. The man was hospitalized after being beaten and stabbed 10 times

 

 
 
 

• 1998 Utah:   A measure for twenty city police officers to be deputized as "limited INS agents" to help detain undocumented aliens.   Concerned citizens opposed the measure; "The agreement would encourage police "profiling" of Hispanics, detaining, harassing and discriminating against them solely because of their appearance (and spanish speaking). Immigration attorney Teresa Hinsley said, "I've got to tell you the Hispanic community is terrified of the police, The police view (crime) as a Mexican problem." 

 

 
 
 

• Up to 1900s and 2001 South Carolina  Durham country:   A  study pointed to discrimination, language barriers, and immigration-related issues as causes for the poor housing conditions among Hispanics.   Community members complained that some landlords preferred to rent to Hispanics, given that Hispanics were willing to accept poorer conditions and were less likely to complain because of language barriers, unfamiliarity with housing laws, and fear of deportation even when they were in the country legally.  (in direct violation of the TGH.  Yes the legalities of the protections of the TGH extend  to South Carolina).

 

 
 
 

Note:  EOC chairwoman Ida Castro said that Hispanics are not inclined to  file anti-discrimination suits -- only 4.5 percent of the agency's cases are filed by Latinos.
"Latinos are humble.  But it's time Hispanics start speaking up," she says.
 

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If you know of laws, et that discriminate against Hispanics, please provide the information here 1stbooks@neta.com

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